Background – Theoretical Basis & Methodology

This background details the theoretical basis of key emerging technologies: AI, DT, R/A, 3DP, AR/VR & IoT. These enhance efficiency, safety, and competitiveness across many industries, including engineering

The approach uses a PM based methodology, applying PMBOK/Agile frameworks to identify NZ-specific needs and propose a strategic implementation roadmap

Emerging Technologies

These Industry 4.0 technologies shape speed, quality, cost, safety, and capability in NZ engineering.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Automated optimization, predictive maintenance, complex design, and enhanced planning across engineering sectors

Digital Twins
(DT)

Enables real-time system monitoring, simulation, and predictive analysis through product lifecycle

Robotics/Automation (R/A)

Automates repetitive and hazardous tasks on site, increasing worker safety and overall construction productivity

3D Printing
(3DP)

Supports rapid customized manufacturing, complex geometries, and reduces material waste

Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR)

Provides immersive virtual environments for training, hazard recognition, and real-time design validation

Internet of Things
(IoT)

Connects physical assets and environments via sensors, enabling real-time data synchronization and smart management

Research Methodology

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Data Collection

Secondary Research

Academic literature
Global case studies
NZ-specific industry reports

Analytical Approach

PM Framework driven research using PMBOK/Agile methodology for technology evaluation

Analysis Tools

SWOT
Feasibility matrix
Implementation readiness models
Stakeholder analysis